WILD- Topic 32: Hypothermia

Hypothermia is a medical condition that is characterized by an abnormally low body temperature and has three phases: mild, moderate, and severe. Mild hypothermia is classified as a body temperature of 90 – 99°F (or 32 – 35°C), moderate hypothermia at 82 – 90°F (28 – 32°C), and severe hypothermia is any temperature less than 82°F (28°C). Hypothermia occurs when an animal’s body is no longer able to maintain normal temperature, causing a depression of the central nervous system (CNS). It may also affect heart and blood flow (cardiovascular), breathing (respiratory), and the immune system. An irregular heartbeat, trouble breathing, and impaired consciousness to the point of coma may result. Dogs do love to play in the snow so providing a nice warm coat and paw protection can be helpful as well.

First aid supplies that are needed to treat hypothermia (items with * are included in our deluxe pet first aid kit):

• Pet-safe thermometer*
• Mylar survival blanket*
• Hot pack or heat source

Hypothermia symptoms vary with the level of severity. Mild hypothermia is evident through weakness, shivering, and lack of mental alertness. Moderate hypothermia reveals characteristics such as muscle stiffness, low blood pressure, a stupor-like state and shallow, slow breathing. Characteristics of severe hypothermia are fixed and dilated pupils, inaudible heartbeat, difficulty breathing, and coma. Mild hypothermia may be treated passively, with thermal insulation and blankets to prevent further heat loss, while moderate hypothermia requires active external re-warming. This includes the use of external heat sources, such as radiant heat or heating pads, which can be applied to the animal’s torso to warm its “core.” A protective layer should be placed between the animal’s skin and the heat source to avoid burns. For severe hypothermia, invasive core warming will be necessary, such as the administration of warm water enemas and warm intravenous (IV) fluids.

Photo by Marek Szturc on Unsplash