WILD- Topic 48: Respiratory Distress

As an animal inhales, fresh air moves through the nose (or mouth), pharynx, and larynx to the trachea. The trachea carries the air to the bronchi, which in turn supply the lungs. Air exchange occurs in the alveoli and the used air follows the opposite path of new air: passing into the bronchi, into the trachea, through the larynx and pharynx, and finally exiting through the nose or mouth. Breathing is relatively simple and is accomplished by the actions of the rib muscles (intercostals) and the movement of a great internal muscle called the diaphragm.

The diaphragm muscle separates the chest, containing the heart and lungs, from the abdomen, which holds the intestines, stomach, liver, bladder, etc. As this powerful muscle moves toward the abdomen, it creates a negative pressure and pulls fresh air and oxygen into the lungs, causing the dog to breathe in (inhale). The chest cavity surrounding the lungs is a vacuum, thus allowing the lungs to inflate easily when the dog inhales. When the muscle moves forward (towards the animal’s head), it causes the lungs to compress and force air out (exhale), thus ridding the body of used air. Foster DVM, Race. “Respiratory System: Anatomy & Function in Dogs.” Pet Education. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Jan. 2017.

There are many reasons an animal may have difficulty breathing such as shock, allergic reactions, collapsed lungs, pneumonia, and choking. When an animal’s breathing is labored, it takes much more effort for them to inhale and exhale. The animal’s breathing patterns may change, and you might notice symptoms such as gasping, wheezing, or struggling to draw in air.